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Editors contains: "Agarwal, Agarwal"

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  1. Abernethy, Jacob; Agarwal, Agarwal (Ed.)
    Motivated by problems in controlled experiments, we study the discrepancy of random matrices with continuous entries where the number of columns $$n$$ is much larger than the number of rows $$m$$. Our first result shows that if $$\omega(1) = m = o(n)$$, a matrix with i.i.d. standard Gaussian entries has discrepancy $$\Theta(\sqrt{n} \, 2^{-n/m})$$ with high probability. This provides sharp guarantees for Gaussian discrepancy in a regime that had not been considered before in the existing literature. Our results also apply to a more general family of random matrices with continuous i.i.d. entries, assuming that $$m = O(n/\log{n})$$. The proof is non-constructive and is an application of the second moment method. Our second result is algorithmic and applies to random matrices whose entries are i.i.d. and have a Lipschitz density. We present a randomized polynomial-time algorithm that achieves discrepancy $$e^{-\Omega(\log^2(n)/m)}$$ with high probability, provided that $$m = O(\sqrt{\log{n}})$$. In the one-dimensional case, this matches the best known algorithmic guarantees due to Karmarkar–Karp. For higher dimensions $$2 \leq m = O(\sqrt{\log{n}})$$, this establishes the first efficient algorithm achieving discrepancy smaller than $$O( \sqrt{m} )$$. 
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